Flight

 
 Natural sculptors
  • a. wings
  • b. joints where asynchronous flight muscles would attach
  • c. dorsoventral muscles
  • d. longitudinal muscles

© 2019 Bee Informed Partnership ®

 The force in the wings is provided by 2 pairs of indirect muscles,  dorsoventral and longitudinal. The dorsoventral muscles, known as elevator muscles, are connected to the scutum and the lower sides of the mesothorax. The longitudinal muscles are connected to the mesoscutum and the rear of the mesothorax which is part of propodaeum.  Contracting the elevator muscles releases the longitudinal muscles and pulls down the notum (tergum) raising the wings. Relaxing the elevator muscles the longitudinal (depressor) muscles contract notum expands and wings drop. 

numbers

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76

The Association's apiary in North Shropshire

world-map

The Association maintains an apiary at an organic farm in North Shropshire. We hold regular meetings at the apiary during the summer, where members old and new can gain experience in handling bees.

Our Vision

visionWe encourage and develop
the art and science of bee keeping


visionWe strive to educate
Through group meetings, practical out apiary events and educational support 

NSBKA

The North Shropshire Beekeepers' Association - to encourage and develop the art and science of bee keeping